Amalgamation Matrix

All 29 repealed central labour laws mapped to India's 4 New Labour Codes — with the key compliance shift and operational risk rating for each transition.

High Operational Risk Medium Risk Low Risk

Code on Wages, 2019

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Consolidates 4 wage laws — wage definitions, minimum wage thresholds, bonus, and equal remuneration.

4 repealed acts

Payment of Wages Act, 1936

High Operational Risk

Standardises the definition of wages and mandates full and final payouts within 2 working days of resignation, termination, or retrenchment.

Minimum Wages Act, 1948

High Operational Risk

Replaces the legacy "scheduled employments" approach with a universal floor wage framework applicable across all worker sectors.

Payment of Bonus Act, 1965

Medium Risk

Maintains the 8.33% minimum and 20% maximum statutory bonus but ties computations to the newly narrowed wage base under the Code.

Equal Remuneration Act, 1976

Low Risk

Extends gender-based pay discrimination protections across all hiring frameworks and active payroll scales.

Code on Social Security, 2020

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Consolidates 9 social security laws — provident fund, gratuity, maternity, ESI, compensation, and gig worker coverage.

9 repealed acts

Employee's Compensation Act, 1923

Low Risk

Expands injury compensation calculation mechanisms and extends coverage definitions across hazardous operating environments.

Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948

Low Risk

Provides enforcement base to expand medical and emergency coverage into unorganised industrial sectors.

Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952

High Operational Risk

Aligns statutory monthly contributions with the new 50% allowance cap on basic salary, increasing net employer fund outlays for organisations with wide allowance spreads.

Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies) Act, 1959

Low Risk

Formalises vacancy reporting obligations through digital career centre portals, replacing manual employment exchange notifications.

Maternity Benefit Act, 1961

Medium Risk

Maintains the standard 26-week floor while integrating compliance procedures for commissioning mothers and digital verification protocols.

Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972

High Operational Risk

Preserves the 5-year floor for permanent employees but drops the bar to 1-year pro-rata eligibility for fixed-term contract staff.

Cine-Workers Welfare Fund Act, 1981

Low Risk

Integrates cine-worker welfare contributions into the unified Social Security Fund framework for unorganised sector workers.

Building and Other Construction Workers' Welfare Cess Act, 1996

Medium Risk

Cess collection and welfare fund management is brought under the unified Code framework with standardised self-assessment and return filing procedures.

Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act, 2008

High Operational Risk

Expands coverage to gig and platform workers. Aggregators must contribute 1–2% of annual turnover (capped at 5% of worker payments) to the Social Security Fund.

Industrial Relations Code, 2020

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Consolidates 3 industrial relations laws — dispute resolution, standing orders, and trade union recognition.

3 repealed acts

Industrial Disputes Act, 1947

High Operational Risk

Raises the threshold for prior government approval for layoffs, closures, or retrenchment from 100 workers to 300 workers.

Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946

Medium Risk

Applies formal standing order requirements exclusively to establishments with 300 or more workers, reducing compliance overhead for smaller entities.

Trade Unions Act, 1926

Low Risk

Standardises a 51% muster-roll majority requirement to recognise a sole negotiating union inside an industrial establishment.

OSH & Working Conditions Code, 2020

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Consolidates 13 occupational safety and welfare laws covering factories, mines, plantations, construction, transport, and contract labour.

13 repealed acts

Factories Act, 1948

High Operational Risk

Caps leave carry-over at 30 days with mandatory year-end encashment of unavailed balance. Reduces earned-leave eligibility threshold from 240 to 180 days worked in a calendar year.

Plantations Labour Act, 1951

Medium Risk

Integrates plantation worker welfare, housing, and medical facility obligations into the unified OSH framework with standardised inspection procedures.

Mines Act, 1952

Medium Risk

Mine-specific health examination, accident reporting, and safety standards are brought under the OSH Code with a unified Inspector-cum-Facilitator enforcement model.

Working Journalists and other Newspaper Employees (Conditions of Service) and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1955

Low Risk

Service conditions for working journalists and newspaper employees are subsumed into the general OSH framework, removing sector-specific regulation.

Working Journalists (Fixation of Rates of Wages) Act, 1958

Low Risk

Wage fixation for working journalists is now governed by the Code on Wages floor wage and minimum wage provisions instead of a separate rate-fixing mechanism.

Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961

Medium Risk

Welfare obligations for motor transport workers (rest rooms, canteens, hours of work) are consolidated into the OSH Code with unified applicability thresholds.

Beedi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966

Low Risk

Working conditions, welfare, and safety for beedi and cigar workers are brought under the OSH Code's unified registration and inspection system.

Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970

High Operational Risk

Raises the contract labour licensing threshold from 20 to 50 workers, deregulating smaller contractors and establishments below that line.

Sales Promotion Employees (Conditions of Service) Act, 1976

Low Risk

Service conditions for sales promotion employees are subsumed into the OSH Code, removing the separate regulatory regime for this category.

Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979

Medium Risk

Broadens definitions to include digital portal self-registration, placing direct accountability on employers for processing migrant worker benefits.

Cine-Workers and Cinema Theatre Workers (Regulation of Employment) Act, 1981

Low Risk

Employment regulation for cine-workers and cinema theatre workers is consolidated under the OSH Code framework with unified registration and welfare obligations.

Dock Workers Safety (Safety, Health, and Welfare) Act, 1986

Medium Risk

Dock worker safety and health standards are integrated into the unified OSH Code inspection and enforcement framework.

Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1966

High Operational Risk

BOCW employment regulation is integrated with OSH Code safety standards. Establishments with 50+ construction workers must register and comply with unified welfare and safety norms.